What is the ruling on using eye drops while fasting?
Eye drops do not break the fast, even if the taste reaches the throat, because the eye is not an open passage to the body cavity.
What are the pillars of fasting?
The pillars of fasting are intention and abstaining from all nullifiers of fasting from dawn to sunset.
What is the ruling on X-ray imaging while fasting in Ramadan?
X-ray imaging itself does not break the fast. However, if a person ingests a contrast agent or medication to enhance the imaging process through an open passage to the body cavity (jauf)—such as the mouth or rectum—then their fast is invalidated.
What is the ruling on kidney dialysis while fasting in Ramadan?
Kidney dialysis breaks the fast because the dialysis fluid is nutritive, as confirmed by medical experts. Additionally, it involves the entry of substances into the body cavity (jauf).
A patient undergoing dialysis must make up for that day after Ramadan. If they are unable to do so, they must pay fidyah by feeding one needy person for each day they missed.