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The Fruit of Fasting: "God-fearing"
Author : His Grace Shiekh Abdulkareem Al-Khasawneh
Date Added : 01-07-2014

The Fruit of Fasting: "The Fear of Allah, The Most Exalted"

His Grace/The Mufti-General: Abdulkareem Al-Khassawneh

Ramadan is the month of blessings, and fasting it is one of the five pillars of Islam. Allah, The Almighty, prescribed it to Muslims as He had done to those before them: "O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that ye may (learn) self-restraint." [Al-Baqarah/183]. The aim of fasting and its fruit are meant to make a fasting person have piety in Allah's Sight and All that which He has forbidden.

 

The command for fearing Allah is what He enjoined/directed those of old and those of later times to do. Allah Says in The Glorious Quran (What means): "Verily we have directed the People of the Book before you, and you (O Muslims) to fear Allah." [An-Nisa`/131].

 

Actually, those who adhere to Allah`s direction achieve great success, but those who fail to do so are at manifest loss. Therefore, we should strive to hold on to the directives of Allah until we die doing that. Allah, The Almighty, Says in the Holy Quran (What means): "O ye who believe! Fear God as He should be feared, and die not except in a state of Islam." [Al `Imran/102]. I.e. fear Allah as he should be feared. Ibn Mas'ood (May Allah be pleased with him)said: "Allah is to be obeyed so as not to be disobeyed, to be remembered so as not to be forgotten, and to be thanked so as not to be shown ingratitude."

Al Imam Al-Ghazali added: "God-fearing is a great treasure which once obtained, one will have generous sustenance and great dominion because it contains all that is good in the life of this world and in the Hereafter."

 

The Glorious Quran has shown many benefits for God-fearing:

 

First: Being made a way out and being provided for from sources that one never could imagine. Allah Says (What means): "And for those who fear God, He (ever) prepares a way out, And He provides for him from (sources) he never could imagine." [At-Talaq/2-3]. Accordingly, one who fears Allah and abides by His injunctions, Allah prepares a way out for him, and provides for him from sources he never could imagine.

 

Second: Allah, The Almighty, protects the nation against its enemies as long as its people are pious and fear Him. Allah Says (What means): "But if ye are constant and do right, not the least harm will their cunning do to you; for God Compasseth round about all that they do." [Al-Imran/120]. Therefore, one who observes piety in his words and deeds won`t be harmed by the cunning of the enemies.

 

Third:  Accepting righteous deeds. Allah, The Most Exalted, Says (What means): "Surely," said the former, "(Allah) doth accept of the sacrifice of those who are righteous." [Al-Mai`dah/27]. Thus, one who fears Allah and has sincere intentions, Allah Accepts his righteous deeds: This indicates that an act of obedience is only accepted from a God-fearing believer.

 

Fourth: The love and the good pleasure of God. Allah Says (What means): "for God doth love the righteous." [At-Tawbah/7].

 

Fifth: God`s friends are the people of piety, and it is their provision in the life of this world and in the Hereafter since Allah says in this regard: "And take provision. But the best provision is piety." [Al-Baqarah/197]. Those who take piety as their best provision, Allah bestows upon them, in the life of this world and in the Hereafter, that which pleases them: While on their death bed, the angels give them glad tidings of Allah`s good pleasure and mercy. In the Hereafter, they give them good tidings of the Gardens of Bliss and great triumph. Allah Says (What means): "Behold! verily on the friends of God there is no fear, nor shall they grieve; Those who believe and (constantly) guard against evil;- For them are glad tidings, in the life of the present and in the Hereafter; no change can there be in the words of God. This is indeed the supreme felicity." [Yunus/62-64]. 

 

Sixth: The comparison between people is based on the depth of their piety, and not on their descent; therefore, one who aspires for honor in the life of this world and a privileged place in the Hereafter should fear God. Allah Says in this regard (What means): "O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that ye may know each other (not that ye may despise (each other). Verily the most honored of you in the sight of God is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And God has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things)." [Al-Hujurat/13].

 

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Summarized Fatawaa

What is the ruling on the prayer of one who said "Subḥāna Rabbiya al-ʿAẓīm" in prostration (*sujūd*) and forgot to correct it?

 

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
Saying “Subḥāna Rabbiya al-ʿAẓīm” in bowing (rukūʿ) and “Subḥāna Rabbiya al-Aʿlā” in prostration (sujūd) is one of the hayʾāt (non-essential sunnahs) of the prayer. Whoever omits it, whether deliberately or by forgetfulness, or replaces it with another remembrance (dhikr), his prayer is valid and he does not perform sujūd al-sahw. Shaykh al-Islām Imam al-Nawawī (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “Our school holds that one does not prostrate for omitting the audible or silent recitation, the tasbīḥ, and the rest of the hayʾāt.” [al-Majmūʿ, Vol.4/p.127]
If he performs sujūd al-sahw for something that does not call for it, his prayer is invalidated, because he introduced a prostration of forgetfulness without a cause, and he must repeat the prayer. The exception is one who did so out of forgetfulness or ignorance, whether because he recently entered Islam or because he lives far from scholars; he is excused and his prayer is not invalidated.
It is stated in Mughni al-Muḥtāj (Vol.1/p.417): “It is stated in al-Anwār: If he does something that does not call for sujūd al-sahw, thinking that it does, and then prostrates, his prayer is not invalidated if he is ignorant because he recently entered Islam or because he is far from scholars.”
Since this issue is hidden from the laity, as it is among the subtleties of knowledge, and the laity are excused for ignorance of whatever is of such a nature, and their act of obedience is not invalidated because of it, it may be said that the prayer of one who has not acquired knowledge of the issue is not invalidated. As for after knowing it, the prayer is invalidated.
Whoever realizes while still in the prayer that his prostration was out of place, it is sunnah for him to perform sujūd al-sahw. And Allah Almighty knows best.

What are the conditions for a valid Udhiyah?

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
First: The age of the animal must meet the Sharia requirements. These requirements vary depending on the type of sacrifice:
 
Camels: Must have completed five years and entered their sixth.
 
Cows: Must have completed two years and entered their third.
 
Goats: Must have completed two years and entered their third. As for Sheep, they must have completed one year and entered their second.
 
Some scholars have permitted goats that have completed one year and entered their second.
 
The Hanafi school, along with an opinion in the Maliki school, permits sacrificing sheep that are at least six months old, provided they are healthy and physically substantial. According to the Shafi’i school, it is permissible if the sheep sheds its front teeth (ajdha') before reaching one year [Al-Iqna’, by Al-Shirbini (Vol.2/P.588)].
 
Second: Soundness and freedom from defects. The animal must be free from any defect that causes a decrease in its meat or market value. This is based on the hadith narrated by Al-Bara' bin 'Azib, that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
 
"Four [defects] are not permissible in sacrifices: A one-eyed animal whose blindness is evident, a sick animal whose illness is evident, a lame animal whose lameness is evident, and an emaciated animal that has no marrow in its bones." [Reported by Abu Dawood and Al-Tirmidhi, who graded it as authentic].
 
These defects are detailed as follows:
 
Evident Lameness: It is not permissible to sacrifice a lame animal if the lameness is severe enough to prevent it from walking to the pasture or seeking food, as this leads to a decrease in its meat. However, slight lameness that does not hinder its grazing is overlooked.
 
Evident Blindness (One-eyed): It is not permissible to sacrifice a sheep, cow, or camel that has a white film over its eye blocking light, or one that has lost an eye entirely. Weak vision that does not affect its ability to eat does not prevent the sacrifice from being valid.
 
Evident Illness: An animal with a clear sickness that prevents it from eating or moving is not valid. This includes severe mange (Jarab) that spoils the meat.
 
Extreme Emaciation: An animal so thin that there is no marrow left in its bones is invalid. The standard for emaciation that invalidates the sacrifice is that which spoils the quality of the meat to the point that people would find it undesirable even in times of plenty.
 
Additional Considerations:
These are the defects mentioned in the Prophetic tradition, and any defect that causes emaciation or reduces the meat or value is compared to them by analogy. This includes animals that are mentally unstable (diseased), those with mange, or those with a missing ear. In contrast, a slit or pierced ear does not affect the validity of the sacrifice. And Allah the Almighty knows best.

Is it permissible to combine and shorten prayers at home before traveling?

It is impermissible to combine and shorten prayers at home before traveling because a person is called a traveler once he/she departs the borders of his/her country, and offering prayer that way was originally intended to exempt a traveler. And Allah Knows Best.

What is the ruling on reciting aloud (*jahr*) in a silent (*sirriyyah*) prayer?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
Reciting aloud (jahr) in the Fajr prayer, in the first two rakʿahs of Maghrib and ʿIshāʾ, and reciting silently (isrār) in the Dhuhr and ʿAṣr prayers is a sunnah. If the worshipper recites aloud where silence is prescribed, or the reverse, his prayer is valid, although it is better to follow the sunnah, in imitation of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “In every prayer there is recitation. What the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) let us hear, we let you hear, and what he concealed from us, we conceal from you. If you add nothing to Umm al-Qurʾān (al-Fātiḥah), it suffices, and if you add to it, it is better.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī.
Shaykh al-Islām Imam al-Nawawī (may Allah have mercy on him) said in al-Majmūʿ (Vol.3/389): “The sunnah is to recite aloud in the two rakʿahs of Ṣubḥ (Fajr), Maghrib, and ʿIshāʾ, and in the Friday prayer, and to recite silently in Dhuhr, ʿAṣr, the third rakʿah of Maghrib, and the third and fourth of ʿIshāʾ. All of this is by the consensus of the Muslims, together with the mutually reinforcing authentic ḥadīths on the matter. This is the ruling for the imam. As for the individual worshipper (munfarid), it is sunnah for him to recite aloud according to us and according to the majority… If he recites aloud where silence is prescribed, or the reverse, his prayer is not invalidated, nor is there a prostration of forgetfulness (sujūd al-sahw) for it, but he has committed something disliked (makrūh).” And Allah Almighty knows best.

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