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From the Prophet's Guidance in the Last Ten Days of Ramadan
Author : Dr. Mohammad Al-Zou`bi
Date Added : 06-08-2025

 

From the Prophet's Guidance in the Last Ten Days of Ramadan

 

Allah the Almighty has honored us with a great month in which souls are purified and hearts ascend. We draw closer to Allah the Almighty through many types of acts of obedience and worship to attain the highest ranks and win Paradise.

In the last ten days, blessings are abundant, gifts are magnified, good deeds are multiplied, graces descend, and mistakes are forgiven. How much we need, in light of these ten days and before their departure, to perfect our devotion to Allah the Almighty, to make up for days of negligence, and to compensate for what we have missed. May Allah have mercy on the one who said:

O heedless one, while the nights of fasting have passed, Your sins have increased; stand at the door and weep for them. Repent, so you might attain acceptance; perhaps The soul, with piety, may reach its hopes.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) used to distinguish the last ten days of Ramadan with specific actions, including:

1. Standing in Night Prayer

When the last ten days would begin, the Prophet (peace be upon him) would stay up all night, awaken his family, and tighten his garment (agreed upon). This is because the night prayer is the custom of the righteous, the trade of the believers, and the action of the winners.

The weepers for the Most Merciful cried at night, And spent their nights prostrating, never tiring. The earth's patches, longing for them, Long to have them prostrate upon them again.

One of the pious predecessors had a servant who used to pray at night. His master said to him: "Your standing at night affects your work during the day, so get some sleep." The servant replied: "What can I do, my master?! When I remember Paradise, my longing for it grows long, and when I remember the Hellfire, my fear of it grows long. How can I sleep while I am between a fear that disturbs me and a longing that worries me?"

Moreover, Al-Fudayl ibn Iyad took the hand of Al-Hasan ibn Ziyad and said to him: "O Hasan, Allah descends to the lowest heaven and says: 'He who claims to love Me has lied, if he sleeps away from Me when the night falls.'"

2. Seeking Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Decree)

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Search for Laylat al-Qadr in the last ten nights of Ramadan" (agreed upon). It is a blessed night, the crown of all nights, full of blessings and precious hours. A little work on this night is like a lot, confirming the words of Allah the Almighty {which mean}: "The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months} [Al-Qadr/3]. Great numbers of angels and the Spirit (Jibril) descend from the heavens to witness this night: "The angels and the Spirit descend therein by permission of their Lord for every matter." [Al-Qadr/4]. He who stands in worship during it has his sins forgiven if he purifies his intention for Allah the Almighty. The Chosen One (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever stands for Laylat al-Qadr with faith and hope for reward, his past sins will be forgiven" (agreed upon). On this night, gates of paradise are opened, and supplications are heard. Aisha, the Mother of the Believers (may Allah be pleased with her), said: "I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, if I know which night is Laylat al-Qadr, what should I say?' He said: 'Say: O Allah, You are a Pardoner who loves to pardon, so pardon me'" (Narrated by Ahmad).

So, be keen, O servant of Allah, that this night is in the balance of your good deeds:

O suitor of the Hoor in her chamber, And seeker of that which is according to her value, Arise with diligence; do not be lazy, And strive against the self in its patience. Stand when the night's face appears, And fast during the day; for that is part of her dowry.

3. I'tikaf (Spiritual Retreat)

This is the act of staying in the mosque for worship, emptying the heart for contemplation, reflection, and devotion to Allah the Almighty. Be sure to spend these moments in obedience to Allah, in His remembrance, and in the recitation of His verses, just as the predecessors of this Ummah used to do:

So resemble them if you cannot be like them, For resembling the noble is a path to success.

The prize is in these noble days; there is no substitute for them and no price. Whoever is granted freedom from the Hellfire in these days has won the great reward and the immense gift. O you whose Master has freed you from the Fire, beware of returning to the bondage of sins after you have become free. And say, O servant of Allah:

O eye, be generous with tears of sorrow, For the parting of nights of light. For nights of the month of fasting were not made, Except to purify sins and burdens. How wonderful we were when we were all together, Some of us praying, some devout, and some reciting. So weep for what has passed in the month, and seize What remains, my brothers, of the blessing of your lives.

It is narrated that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) used to call out on the last night of Ramadan: "O, I wish I knew who is accepted so I may congratulate him, and who is deprived so I may console him?!"

We ask Allah the Magnificent, the Lord of the Noble Throne, to free our necks and the necks of our fathers, mothers, and children from the Fire, and not to deprive us of the reward of Laylat al-Qadr. Indeed, He is near, All-Hearing, and the Answerer of prayers.

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Summarized Fatawaa

I bought an apartment, and I am saving money to pay the remaining balance of its price — is zakāh obligatory on this money?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Zakāh is obligatory on all saved/hoarded wealth. Once the total wealth reaches the niṣāb (minimum threshold liable for zakah— equivalent to the value of 85 grams of pure 24-karat gold) and a full ḥawl (lunar year) has elapsed over it, zakāh becomes obligatory at a rate of (2.5%) — even if the wealth is earmarked for basic future needs, and even if the wealth's owner is in debt. Debt does not prevent the obligation of zakāh, nor is it deducted when calculating the zakāh due, based on the general and unrestricted wording of all the Qur'anic verses commanding zakāh, which draw no distinction between someone in debt and anyone else.
It is stated in ‘Umdat as-Sālik, from the books of the Shāfi‘ī school: "If someone possesses exactly the niṣāb, and owes an equivalent amount in debt, zakāh remains obligatory on what is in his possession, and the debt does not prevent this obligation" — meaning, the obligation of zakāh on what is presently in his possession.
The ḥawl (annual cycle) recognized for zakāh, as well as for the other sharī‘ah obligations that Allah, the Exalted, has imposed upon Muslims, is the Hijrī (lunar) year. And Allah, the Exalted, knows best.

What is the ruling on mentioning Allah`s name upon slaughtering an animal?

In the Name of Allah, and may peace and blessings be upon our Master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
It is a Sunnah (prophetic tradition) for the person slaughtering to say: "Bismillah" (In the Name of Allah), though the most complete and perfect phrasing is to say: "Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim" (In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). This is in accordance with the words of Allah Almighty: "So eat of that [meat] upon which the name of Allah has been mentioned." (Al-An'am/118)
 
However, pronouncing it is not an obligatory requirement (Wajib). If someone omits it—whether deliberately or out of forgetfulness—the meat remains entirely lawful (Halal) to eat, though purposely omitting it is considered disliked (Makruh). And Allah the Almighty Knows Best.

What is the ruling on praying seated due to severe obesity, given that I experience hardship in performing the prayer — especially when rising from the ground after sujūd to perform the next rak‘ah?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Standing, when one is able to do so, is a pillar of the prayer. However, whoever would experience severe, intolerable hardship, or fears harm to himself or to a limb due to obesity, or finds that standing causes him to lose his khushū‘ (humble focus and concentration) in prayer, then there is no objection to his praying seated on a chair or on the ground, performing rukū‘ (bowing) and sujūd (prostration) through gesture — provided that the gesture for sujūd is made lower than that for rukū‘. Whoever is able, at any point, to properly perform any one of these pillars, is obligated to perform it in full; for omitting it is a concession that applies only in cases of genuine inability. The Prophet ﷺ said: "When I command you to do something, do of it whatever you are able." (Related by al-Bukhārī). As the scholars of fiqh have established: what remains possible is not waived on account of what is difficult.
The criterion for determining genuine inability, as chosen by Imam al-Ḥaramayn al-Juwaynī (raḥimahullāh), is that the worshipper experiences hardship that causes him to lose his khushū‘.
As for voluntary (nafl) prayer, there is no objection to performing it while seated, even if one is able to stand. However, rukū‘ and sujūd must still be performed [in their proper physical form] by anyone who is able to do so. And Allah, the Exalted, knows best.

What is the ruling of Islamic Law on compensating the patient in case of medical error on the part of the treating physician?

 
All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
The foundational principle is that every mistake issued by a physician that causes harm to another due to his negligence or lack of expertise obligates him to guarantee liability and compensate the harmed party. The Sharia maxim, in this regard, states: "The direct actor is liable."
 
Ibn Qudamah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: "As for if he was skilled but his hand committed an error—such as exceeding the proper limit of incision, cutting in an incorrect site, cutting with an instrument that inflicts excessive pain, or cutting at an unsuitable time—he is liable, because it is destruction (Itlaf) whose liability does not differ between intent and mistake, thus resembling the destruction of property; and because it is a prohibited act, so he guarantees liability for its secondary effects." [Al-Mughni].
 
However, if the physician performed what was necessary in the most complete manner and took all measures of care and caution, but complications occurred that could not be avoided according to specialists, then no liability rests upon him.
 
Shaykh al-Islam Imam al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: "The cupper and the circumciser bear no liability if they have not been negligent, and likewise the veterinarian if he bleeds an animal and it perishes." [Rawdat al-Talibin].
 
Al-Khattabi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I know of no disagreement that if the practitioner transgresses and the patient perishes, he is liable. Anyone who undertakes knowledge or practice he does not know is a transgressor; so if perishing arises from his action, he is liable for the blood-money (Diyah) while capital retaliation (Qisas) is dropped from him, because he did not act independently without the patient's permission. And the physician’s offense in the view of the generality of jurists is borne by his agnates ('Aqilah*)."* [Ma'alim al-Sunan].
 
If negligence or transgression is established against the physician, it is necessary to compensate the patient or seek forgiveness from him. And Allah Almighty knows best.