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From the Prophet's Guidance in the Last Ten Days of Ramadan
Author : Dr. Mohammad Al-Zou`bi
Date Added : 06-08-2025

 

From the Prophet's Guidance in the Last Ten Days of Ramadan

 

Allah the Almighty has honored us with a great month in which souls are purified and hearts ascend. We draw closer to Allah the Almighty through many types of acts of obedience and worship to attain the highest ranks and win Paradise.

In the last ten days, blessings are abundant, gifts are magnified, good deeds are multiplied, graces descend, and mistakes are forgiven. How much we need, in light of these ten days and before their departure, to perfect our devotion to Allah the Almighty, to make up for days of negligence, and to compensate for what we have missed. May Allah have mercy on the one who said:

O heedless one, while the nights of fasting have passed, Your sins have increased; stand at the door and weep for them. Repent, so you might attain acceptance; perhaps The soul, with piety, may reach its hopes.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) used to distinguish the last ten days of Ramadan with specific actions, including:

1. Standing in Night Prayer

When the last ten days would begin, the Prophet (peace be upon him) would stay up all night, awaken his family, and tighten his garment (agreed upon). This is because the night prayer is the custom of the righteous, the trade of the believers, and the action of the winners.

The weepers for the Most Merciful cried at night, And spent their nights prostrating, never tiring. The earth's patches, longing for them, Long to have them prostrate upon them again.

One of the pious predecessors had a servant who used to pray at night. His master said to him: "Your standing at night affects your work during the day, so get some sleep." The servant replied: "What can I do, my master?! When I remember Paradise, my longing for it grows long, and when I remember the Hellfire, my fear of it grows long. How can I sleep while I am between a fear that disturbs me and a longing that worries me?"

Moreover, Al-Fudayl ibn Iyad took the hand of Al-Hasan ibn Ziyad and said to him: "O Hasan, Allah descends to the lowest heaven and says: 'He who claims to love Me has lied, if he sleeps away from Me when the night falls.'"

2. Seeking Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Decree)

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Search for Laylat al-Qadr in the last ten nights of Ramadan" (agreed upon). It is a blessed night, the crown of all nights, full of blessings and precious hours. A little work on this night is like a lot, confirming the words of Allah the Almighty {which mean}: "The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months} [Al-Qadr/3]. Great numbers of angels and the Spirit (Jibril) descend from the heavens to witness this night: "The angels and the Spirit descend therein by permission of their Lord for every matter." [Al-Qadr/4]. He who stands in worship during it has his sins forgiven if he purifies his intention for Allah the Almighty. The Chosen One (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever stands for Laylat al-Qadr with faith and hope for reward, his past sins will be forgiven" (agreed upon). On this night, gates of paradise are opened, and supplications are heard. Aisha, the Mother of the Believers (may Allah be pleased with her), said: "I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, if I know which night is Laylat al-Qadr, what should I say?' He said: 'Say: O Allah, You are a Pardoner who loves to pardon, so pardon me'" (Narrated by Ahmad).

So, be keen, O servant of Allah, that this night is in the balance of your good deeds:

O suitor of the Hoor in her chamber, And seeker of that which is according to her value, Arise with diligence; do not be lazy, And strive against the self in its patience. Stand when the night's face appears, And fast during the day; for that is part of her dowry.

3. I'tikaf (Spiritual Retreat)

This is the act of staying in the mosque for worship, emptying the heart for contemplation, reflection, and devotion to Allah the Almighty. Be sure to spend these moments in obedience to Allah, in His remembrance, and in the recitation of His verses, just as the predecessors of this Ummah used to do:

So resemble them if you cannot be like them, For resembling the noble is a path to success.

The prize is in these noble days; there is no substitute for them and no price. Whoever is granted freedom from the Hellfire in these days has won the great reward and the immense gift. O you whose Master has freed you from the Fire, beware of returning to the bondage of sins after you have become free. And say, O servant of Allah:

O eye, be generous with tears of sorrow, For the parting of nights of light. For nights of the month of fasting were not made, Except to purify sins and burdens. How wonderful we were when we were all together, Some of us praying, some devout, and some reciting. So weep for what has passed in the month, and seize What remains, my brothers, of the blessing of your lives.

It is narrated that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) used to call out on the last night of Ramadan: "O, I wish I knew who is accepted so I may congratulate him, and who is deprived so I may console him?!"

We ask Allah the Magnificent, the Lord of the Noble Throne, to free our necks and the necks of our fathers, mothers, and children from the Fire, and not to deprive us of the reward of Laylat al-Qadr. Indeed, He is near, All-Hearing, and the Answerer of prayers.

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Summarized Fatawaa

What is the ruling on praying in congregation at the mosque?

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our Master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
Congregational prayer (Salat al-Jama‘ah) is a communal obligation (Fard Kifayah) for resident men regarding the performance of the prescribed (obligatory) prayers. For men, praying in congregation at the mosque is better than praying elsewhere, such as at home. On the authority of Abdullah bin Umar, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Prayer in congregation is twenty-seven degrees more excellent than the prayer of a person alone' (Reported by Bukhari & Muslim). Furthermore, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Shall I not tell you that by which Allah erases sins and raises ranks?' They said, 'Of course, O Messenger of Allah.' He said: 'Performing wudu thoroughly despite difficulties, taking many steps toward the mosques, and waiting for the next prayer after the prayer; that is your Ribat (steadfastness)' (Narrated by Muslim).
 
As for a woman, her praying in congregation at home is better for her than in the mosque, according to the saying of our Master the Prophet ﷺ: 'Do not prevent your women from attending the mosques, but their homes are better for them' (Narrated by Abu Dawood). Young boys should be encouraged to attend the mosques and congregational prayers so they may become accustomed to them. And Allah the Exalted knows best.

What is the ruling on one who vowed not to speak to a certain person, then forgot his vow and spoke to him?

 

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
Whoever swears an oath or makes a vow to abstain from something has a choice: if he wishes, he may keep to his vow, or if he wishes, he may offer the expiation of an oath (kaffārat yamīn). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The expiation for a vow is the expiation for an oath.” Narrated by Muslim. This type of vow is called a nadhr al-lajāj (a vow made in stubbornness or anger).
If a person makes a vow and then forgets it, nothing is due from him, for forgetfulness is among the excuses that lift legal responsibility (taklīf) from a Muslim. This is based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): “Actions are judged only by intentions, and every person will have only what he intended.” [Narrated by al-Bukhārī]. There is no intention for the one who forgets or errs. It is also based on the report: “Indeed, Allah has pardoned for my Ummah mistakes, forgetfulness, and what they are compelled to do.” Narrated by Ibn Mājah and others, and graded authentic by Ibn Ḥibbān and al-Ḥākim.
It is stated in ʿUmdat al-Sālik (p. 243), one of the books of the Shāfiʿī school: “Whoever swears, [for example], ‘I will not enter the house,’ and then enters it forgetfully, ignorantly, under compulsion, or being carried, he does not break his oath.” And Allah Almighty knows best.

What is the ruling on making up the regular *rawātib* (sunnah) prayers together with a missed obligatory prayer?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
It is obligatory to make up (qaḍāʾ) a missed obligatory prayer (farḍ). As for the timed supererogatory prayers (al-sunan al-muʾaqqatah) or the regular rawātib prayers, it is recommended (mandūb) to make them up, even if a long time has passed. Ibn Ḥajar (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his Fatāwā: "It is established in our school that it is sunnah to make up the timed voluntary prayers, by night or by day, even if congregation is not prescribed for them, whether much time has passed or little."
Accordingly, it is recommended to make up the sunan together with the obligatory prayer. And Allah Almighty knows best.
________________________________________
Note on terminology: Al-nawāfil al-muʾaqqatah (timed voluntary prayers) refers to supererogatory prayers tied to a specific time or cause, such as the rawātib (regular prayers before and after the obligatory ones), Duha, and the like. The ruling given here reflects the Shāfiʿī position.

I have a date farm, and the dates come in different categories, and within each category there are different sizes. How is zakāh paid on the yield?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
If the yield reaches the niṣāb (the minimum threshold for zakāh to become obligatory) — which is five awsuq (plural of wasq), equivalent to (611) kg — then zakāh becomes obligatory upon it, at a rate of one-tenth ('ushr) if irrigated by rainwater (i.e., naturally, without the use of machinery), or one-twentieth (half of the 'ushr) if irrigated using machinery/equipment.
If the yield of dates consists of different varieties, then zakāh should be paid from each variety according to its respective proportion. If this proves difficult, it is permissible to pay from a medium-quality variety [representative of the average].
It is stated in Ḥāshiyatā Qulyūbī wa ‘Umayrah (Vol.2/P.22): "Different varieties are combined together [for the purpose of calculating the niṣāb] — such as the various types of dates, the various types of raisins, and so on — and zakāh is paid from each type according to its respective proportion. However, if this becomes difficult due to the large number of varieties and the small quantity of each individual type, then zakāh should be paid from a medium-quality variety among them — neither the best nor the worst — out of consideration for both sides [the giver and the poor recipient]. If one goes to the trouble of paying from each variety according to its proportion, this is also permissible." And Allah, the Exalted, knows best.