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The Prophetic Migration... A Journey of Building a Firmly Established State
Author : Secretary General Dr. Zaid Al-Kilani
Date Added : 01-07-2025

The Prophetic Migration... A Journey of Building a Firmly Established State

 

All praise is to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon our Master Muhammad, his family, companions, and followers.

In these blessed days, we breathe in the fragrance of that sacred journey overflowing with messages and lessons—the anniversary of the Prophetic Hijrah.

The noble Hijrah was the journey of building a strong state with its institutions: its mosque, its army, and its economy. A state strong in the firm faith of its people—a state that would protect the religion and safeguard its citizens who defend their faith, identity, land, honor, and resources.

This beginning, this strength, and this divine empowerment explain to us the secret behind that enmity—the reason why the disbelievers of Mecca shifted from merely persecuting the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his noble companions to conspiring to kill him once they learned of his intention to migrate and establish a state.

A strong state with a firm identity that defends its faith, people, and resources has always—and will always—infuriate our enemies across time and place. That is why their tactics shifted from oppression, economic warfare, and propaganda to outright intent to kill.

They conspired to assassinate the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as stated in the following verse (What means): "And [remember, O Prophet] when the disbelievers plotted against you to detain, kill, or expel you. They planned, but Allah also planned. And Allah is the best of planners." [Al-Anfal/30].

The use of the word "plotted" indicates that the disbelievers persist in their schemes and hostility. Their plotting against this religion continues—against our sacred symbols, against our major causes and beliefs, and against this Ummah, its principles, and its identity. We see it today: militarily, as we witness in the oppression of our people in Palestine; intellectually, in the waves of atheism, skepticism toward the sources of Islamic rulings, and attacks on the Qur’an, Sunna, and scholars; and morally, in the campaigns promoting deviance in relationships, opposing Islamic rulings. All of this is part of their plotting. Yet the verse reminds us that the schemes of Allah’s enemies hold no weight or value.

Today, as Allah Has Blessed us with this sacred land and the blessings of security and faith, it is our duty to safeguard these favors. We must understand that preserving them is a defeat for our enemies. We must recognize that the Qur’an, Sunna, and divine rulings are the guarantees of our nation’s strength and unity. May Allah protect Jordan and perpetuate its honor under the blessed Hashemite banner, led by His Majesty King Abdullah II Ibn Al-Hussein.

We ask Allah The Almighty to grant us victory and to firmly establish the religion He has chosen for us. Indeed, He is The Guardian of that and The All-Powerful over it. And all praise is to Allah, The Lord of The Worlds.

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Summarized Fatawaa

What is the ruling of Islamic Law on one who died owing debts and left no wealth? Is it obligatory upon the heirs to settle these debts?

 

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
The general rule is that if a person dies owing rights to other people, such as debts, these are settled from his estate, if he left any wealth, before the estate is divided. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The believer's soul is suspended by his debt until it is settled for him.” Graded ḥasan by al-Tirmidhī. Repayment of debts takes precedence over the heirs’ right to inheritance.
If the deceased left no estate, or left wealth that was insufficient to cover his debts, it is not obligatory for the heirs to pay from their own wealth, but it is recommended for them to do so, because the deceased’s dhimmah (legal liability) remains occupied by the debt. It is reported in some narrations that he remains held in suspension until his debt is paid, and it is not part of filial righteousness for a child to leave his father’s dhimmah burdened with debt.
All of the children may contribute to settling the debt on behalf of their father and cooperate in doing so, even in installments, according to their ability. And Allah Almighty knows best.

Is it permissible for one who sacrifices on behalf of another, with the latter's permission, to eat from the sacrifice?

It is permissible for someone who sacrificed on behalf of another with their permission to eat from it with their permission, and they stand in their place (act as their representative) in distributing it.
 
It is stated in Nihayat al-Muhtaj ila Sharh al-Minhaj (Vol.8/P.141): "And he—meaning the one sacrificing on his own behalf, provided he has not apostatized—has the right to eat from a voluntary sacrifice and his sacrificial gift; rather, it is recommended. As for an obligatory sacrifice, it is forbidden for him to eat from it, whether it was designated as such initially or as a liability in his dhimmah. And excluded by what has preceded is if he sacrifices on behalf of another, or if he apostatized, then it is not permissible for him to eat from it, just as it is absolutely impermissible to feed a disbeliever from it."(The text I found indicates the impermissibility of eating) ???
 
And it is stated in Hashiyat al-Jamal ‘ala Sharh al-Manhaj (Vol.5/P.262): "If a person offers a sacrifice on behalf of a living person with their permission, does he act as their representative in distributing it—on the grounds that permission to sacrifice is permission to distribute it—or does it depend on their explicit permission? This requires consideration, but the first view is not far-fetched." And Allah the Almighty knows best.

What is the ruling on one who vowed not to speak to a certain person, then forgot his vow and spoke to him?

 

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
Whoever swears an oath or makes a vow to abstain from something has a choice: if he wishes, he may keep to his vow, or if he wishes, he may offer the expiation of an oath (kaffārat yamīn). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The expiation for a vow is the expiation for an oath.” Narrated by Muslim. This type of vow is called a nadhr al-lajāj (a vow made in stubbornness or anger).
If a person makes a vow and then forgets it, nothing is due from him, for forgetfulness is among the excuses that lift legal responsibility (taklīf) from a Muslim. This is based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): “Actions are judged only by intentions, and every person will have only what he intended.” [Narrated by al-Bukhārī]. There is no intention for the one who forgets or errs. It is also based on the report: “Indeed, Allah has pardoned for my Ummah mistakes, forgetfulness, and what they are compelled to do.” Narrated by Ibn Mājah and others, and graded authentic by Ibn Ḥibbān and al-Ḥākim.
It is stated in ʿUmdat al-Sālik (p. 243), one of the books of the Shāfiʿī school: “Whoever swears, [for example], ‘I will not enter the house,’ and then enters it forgetfully, ignorantly, under compulsion, or being carried, he does not break his oath.” And Allah Almighty knows best.

What is the ruling of Islamic Law on compensating the patient in case of medical error on the part of the treating physician?

 
All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
The foundational principle is that every mistake issued by a physician that causes harm to another due to his negligence or lack of expertise obligates him to guarantee liability and compensate the harmed party. The Sharia maxim, in this regard, states: "The direct actor is liable."
 
Ibn Qudamah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: "As for if he was skilled but his hand committed an error—such as exceeding the proper limit of incision, cutting in an incorrect site, cutting with an instrument that inflicts excessive pain, or cutting at an unsuitable time—he is liable, because it is destruction (Itlaf) whose liability does not differ between intent and mistake, thus resembling the destruction of property; and because it is a prohibited act, so he guarantees liability for its secondary effects." [Al-Mughni].
 
However, if the physician performed what was necessary in the most complete manner and took all measures of care and caution, but complications occurred that could not be avoided according to specialists, then no liability rests upon him.
 
Shaykh al-Islam Imam al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: "The cupper and the circumciser bear no liability if they have not been negligent, and likewise the veterinarian if he bleeds an animal and it perishes." [Rawdat al-Talibin].
 
Al-Khattabi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I know of no disagreement that if the practitioner transgresses and the patient perishes, he is liable. Anyone who undertakes knowledge or practice he does not know is a transgressor; so if perishing arises from his action, he is liable for the blood-money (Diyah) while capital retaliation (Qisas) is dropped from him, because he did not act independently without the patient's permission. And the physician’s offense in the view of the generality of jurists is borne by his agnates ('Aqilah*)."* [Ma'alim al-Sunan].
 
If negligence or transgression is established against the physician, it is necessary to compensate the patient or seek forgiveness from him. And Allah Almighty knows best.

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