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Reverence for the Fatwa is Reverence for Allah: The General Mufti
Author : Dr Noah Ali Salman
Date Added : 31-07-2024

 

Mr. Sameer Jannakat wrote an article in the "Al-Rai" newspaper on August 26, 2009, expressing his astonishment at the fatwa issued in an Arab country allowing athletes to break their fast. He humorously praised the General Iftaa' Department in Jordan for carefully verifying the questioner, the question, and the answer, and for dealing with the matter with the required seriousness, ensuring that no misinterpretations or incorrect interpretations occur.

We thank Mr. Sameer for his praise and commendation of the Department. We believe that no student of knowledge should approach fatwas except in this manner, which demonstrates an understanding of their importance and value. Since the mufti conveys and signs on behalf of God, as the scholars have said, the matter must be approached with the utmost seriousness. What would you say about someone who signs on behalf of an important state official if they handle the subjects they sign off on in any other way? Allah, the Exalted, the Glorious, is greater and more magnificent than all greats.

Negligence in issuing fatwas has led some people to take fatwas lightly, and the word "fatwa" has come to mean a legal loophole or circumventing Sharia rulings. However, a fatwa is the ruling of Allah on the subject being asked about. Some people have come to believe that a fatwa is something that provides leniency for people, while anyone can impose strictness.

Those who say this do not realize that its meaning is different from what people intend. The point is that if a mufti declares something to be forbidden, they should provide a lawful alternative. This is the principle of Islamic legislation as a whole. Whenever something is prohibited, a lawful alternative is provided. For example, while Riba/usury is prohibited, Islamic law permits profit-sharing, partnerships, and loans when necessary. This principle applies to other Sharia rulings as well.

Today, the Islamic scene is filled with numerous fatwas that sometimes contradict each other and confuse Muslims. While this reflects the engagement in the Islamic arena as a sign of Islamic awakening, it also has a negative impact on the general Muslim public and those whose hearts are being won over. Some argue that the confusion leads them to turn away from religion entirely, which is an irrational response. Disagreements are old and are a sign of the vitality of Islamic law, but these disagreements are resolved through one of two ways:

The first approach: If the ruler adopts a particular legal ruling, then everyone should adhere to it. This is why it is said that the ruling of the judge resolves disputes.

The second approach: Muslims should seek guidance from knowledgeable and reputable scholars known for their wisdom and deliberation, and disregard others. This is based on the Quranic injunction (What means): "Ask the people of knowledge if you do not know" [An-Nahl/43] and He, The Exalted Said (What means): "If only they had referred it to the Messenger and to those in authority among them, they would have known it" [An-Nisa /83]. In such cases, one should not be concerned with other opinions or pay them any attention.

The minimum level of handling religious issues should be the same as handling medical issues. Just as one would not accept treatment from anyone who merely claims to be a doctor, but would rather verify and seek out a reputable expert, so too should one approach religious matters with the same level of scrutiny and care.

Those who seek fame through issuing unusual and errant fatwas should remember The Words of Allah (What means): "Their testimony will be recorded, and they will be questioned." [Az-Zukhruf/19] as well as, He The Almighty Says (What means): "On the Day of Resurrection, you will see those who lied against Allah with their faces blackened. Is there not in Hell a residence for the arrogant?" [Az-Zumar/60].

In addition, those who are lenient with issuing fatwas to please or win favor with people should be reminded of Allah's Words (What means): "And you have come to Us alone, just as We created you the first time." [Al-An'am/94]. Further, He, The Exalted, Says (What means): "Indeed, they will not avail you against Allah." [Al-Jathiya/19].

These verses should make scholars wary and even fearful of issuing fatwas, lest they slip and fall into the Fire. This is why many scholars of the past and present refrained from issuing fatwas unless urgent, seeking Allah's help and guidance, and repeating His (Almighty Allah) Words (What means): "You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help. Guide us to the Straight Path." [Al-Fatiha/5-6].

Moreover, we extend our thanks to Mr. Samir, and to Mr. Khalid Al-Qudat, whom Mr. Samir mentions as saying that "we gave him hard times before issuing a fatwa." In reality, we were keen on his safety and our own before Almighty Allah as this is a matter of concern for the religion of the questioner and the hereafter of the party in charge of issuing fatwas. May Allah guide whom He Wills to the Straight Path.

 

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Summarized Fatawaa

What is the validity of the formula for sending blessings upon our master Muḥammad ﷺ: *"Allāhumma ṣalli wa sallim wa bārik ‘alā sayyidinā Muḥammad wa ‘alā ālihi, ‘adada kamāli-Llāhi wa kamā yalīqu bikamālihi"* ("O Allah, send blessings, peace, and grace upon our master Muḥammad and his family, by the number of Allah's perfection, and as befits His perfection")?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
It is permissible to send blessings upon our master, the Prophet ﷺ, using the formula mentioned in the question, since sending blessings upon the Prophet ﷺ is an act of devotion legislated in its basic essence, without a specific prescribed wording required outside of the formal prayer itself. It is therefore valid to perform it outside of prayer using any formula. This particular formula involves multiplying the blessings sent upon the Chosen Prophet ﷺ to the number of the perfections of Allah, the Exalted — which are limitless — so that, by Allah's permission, its reward and benefit never cease.
The meaning of "the number of Allah's perfection" is that it is without limit, making the blessings sent boundless, corresponding to His perfection, Glorified is He, which cannot be enumerated or counted. This formula is analogous to the words of our Greatest Prophet ﷺ, as related in the authentic ḥadīth narrated by Imam Muslim: the Prophet ﷺ said to Sayyidah Juwayriyyah (raḍiyallāhu ‘anhā): "Indeed, I said four phrases after you [left], three times, which, if weighed against everything you have said since this morning, would outweigh them: Subḥān Allāhi wa biḥamdihi, ‘adada khalqihi, wa riḍā nafsihi, wa zinata ‘arshihi, wa midāda kalimātihi" (Glory be to Allah, and praise be to Him, by the number of His creation, by His pleasure, by the weight of His Throne, and by the extent of His words). And Allah, the Exalted, knows best.

Is it permissible to use unscented petroleum jelly (Vaseline) during ‘Umrah, in order to prevent skin chafing or irritation?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
According to the Shāfi‘ī school, it is permissible for someone in the state of iḥrām to use oils and creams free of perfume/fragrance on parts of the body other than the head and beard, for a genuine medical need — such as preventing skin chafing or irritation. However, applying them to the head or beard remains unlawful.
Shaykh al-Islām, Imam an-Nawawī (raḥimahullāh), says in al-Majmū‘ (Vol.7/P.279): "Oils are of two types: the first is an oil that is neither perfumed itself nor contains any perfume — such as olive oil, sesame oil, ghee, butter, walnut oil, almond oil, and similar oils. The use of this type is not unlawful anywhere on the body, except on the head and beard — where its use is unlawful without any disagreement [among the scholars]." And Allah, the Exalted, knows best.

What is the ruling on one who vowed not to speak to a certain person, then forgot his vow and spoke to him?

 

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
Whoever swears an oath or makes a vow to abstain from something has a choice: if he wishes, he may keep to his vow, or if he wishes, he may offer the expiation of an oath (kaffārat yamīn). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The expiation for a vow is the expiation for an oath.” Narrated by Muslim. This type of vow is called a nadhr al-lajāj (a vow made in stubbornness or anger).
If a person makes a vow and then forgets it, nothing is due from him, for forgetfulness is among the excuses that lift legal responsibility (taklīf) from a Muslim. This is based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): “Actions are judged only by intentions, and every person will have only what he intended.” [Narrated by al-Bukhārī]. There is no intention for the one who forgets or errs. It is also based on the report: “Indeed, Allah has pardoned for my Ummah mistakes, forgetfulness, and what they are compelled to do.” Narrated by Ibn Mājah and others, and graded authentic by Ibn Ḥibbān and al-Ḥākim.
It is stated in ʿUmdat al-Sālik (p. 243), one of the books of the Shāfiʿī school: “Whoever swears, [for example], ‘I will not enter the house,’ and then enters it forgetfully, ignorantly, under compulsion, or being carried, he does not break his oath.” And Allah Almighty knows best.

What is the ruling on having an intention (Niyyah) for every prayer?

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our Master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
Intention (Niyyah) is a pillar (Rukn) without which the prayer is not valid. The worshiper must have an intention for every prayer, meaning they must consciously intend the act of worship they are performing. Its timing must coincide with the opening Takbir (Takbirat al-Ihram). It is not a requirement to utter it verbally; rather, doing so is considered a recommended Sunnah. There are three levels of intention:
 
1-If the prayer is obligatory (Fard): It is mandatory to include the Intent (to pray), the Specification (which prayer, e.g., 'Asr), and the Obligation (recognizing it as a Fard). For example, one should bring to mind or say: 'I intend to pray the Fard of 'Asr.'
 
2-If it is a voluntary prayer restricted by a specific time or cause (Sunnah Muqayyadah): It is mandatory to include the Intent and the Specification. For example: 'I intend to pray the Sunnah before Zuhr' or 'I intend to pray Duha.'
 
3-If it is an absolute voluntary prayer (Nafl Mutlaq): It is sufficient to simply have the Intent to pray. For example: 'I intend to pray.'
 
And Allah the Exalted knows best.