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Values of Civilization in Islam (Pioneers of Values)
Author : Dr. Fadi Rabab`ah
Date Added : 11-08-2022

Values of Civilization in Islam (Pioneers of Values)

 

When addressing values, it is imperative to refer to the pioneers who have called for these values and implemented them in their daily practices. A fair researcher of the history of civilizations, sociology, and education would arrive at the conclusion that these pioneers are the Prophets (PBUT) since all of them have called for and had the same values. In fact, values are common denominators where there is no contradiction between a value called for by a Prophet and another. Therefore, you wouldn`t have a Prophet calling for truthfulness and another calling for the opposite.

 

We could divide values into the following: Values pertaining to the intellect, reason, and belief, such as rejecting myths, abandoning the worship of idols and creatures. Values pertaining to the purification of the self, cleansing of the hearts, the senses and dealing with others, the universe, life, and all that exists.

In addition to calling for the greatest value, which is The Oneness of Allah and moving from worshipping the created to worshipping the creator, the pioneers, the Prophets, have called for comprehensive values and were characterized by them, even before they were sent with the Divine Message.

 

They are both a mercy and a blessing from Almighty Allah Who sent them to address people in their own language and guide them to the right thing in religious and worldly matters.

 

An example of these values is showing mercy to people, feeling sympathy for them, and dealing with them humbly, in addition to serving them, admonishing them, guiding them, and enjoining kindness and forbidding iniquity in a general sense that encompasses all values of kindness.

 

Moreover, Prophets did this for no wealth or reward in return. Almighty Allah Says (What means): "And O my people! I ask you for no wealth in return: my reward is from none but God: But I will not drive away (in contempt) those who believe: for verily they are to meet their Lord, and ye I see are the ignorant ones!" [Hud/29].

 

For example, Prophet Noah (PBUH) spent fifty years, day and night, calling his people to worship Allah. He, The Almighty Says (What means): "We (once) sent Noah to his people, and he tarried among them a thousand years less fifty: but the Deluge overwhelmed them while they (persisted in) sin." [Al-Ankabut/14]. Moreover, Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) called his people to abandon the worship of idols, planets, and stars. Allah The Almighty Says (What means): "We bestowed aforetime on Abraham his rectitude of conduct, and well were We acquainted with him. Behold! he said to his father and his people: "What are these images, to which ye are (so assiduously) devoted?" They said: "We found our fathers worshipping them." He said: "Indeed ye have been in manifest error - ye and your fathers." [Al-Anbiyaa`/ 51-54].

 

Furthermore, Prophet Yousef (PBUH) curbed his desires and didn`t fall for the temptation of the wife of the King of Egypt, because the latter had put his trust in him. Allah Says (What means): "But she in whose house he was, sought to seduce him from his (true) self: she fastened the doors, and said: "Now come, thou (dear one)!" He said: "God forbid! truly (thy husband) is my lord! he made my sojourn agreeable! truly to no good come those who do wrong!" And (with passion) did she desire him, and he would have desired her, but that he saw the evidence of his Lord: thus (did We order) that We might turn away from him (all) evil and shameful deeds: for he was one of Our servants, sincere and purified. So they both raced each other to the door, and she tore his shirt from the back: they both found her lord near the door. She said: "What is the (fitting) punishment for one who formed an evil design against thy wife, but prison or a grievous chastisement?" He said: "It was she that sought to seduce me - from my (true) self." And one of her household saw (this) and bore witness, (thus):- "If it be that his shirt is rent from the front, then is her tale true, and he is a liar." [Al-Qasas/23-26].

 

This is the situation of all the Prophets (PBUT) for they have called people to get out of the darkness of ignorance and vice to the light of knowledge and righteousness. Later on, Prophet Mohammad came as the Seal of all Messengers. He was known among his people, before being sent with the Message of Islam,  as the truthful and the trusted and of noble human values; some of which are reflected by the words of `Khadija (May Allah Be Pleased with her): "Never! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You keep good relations with your kith and kin, help the poor and the destitute, serve your guests generously and assist the deserving calamity-afflicted ones." [Al-Bukhari].

 

Prophets (PBUT) are the pioneers of values and the role model that should be followed. Almighty Allah Says (What means): "Those were the (prophets) who received God’s guidance: Copy the guidance they received; Say: "No reward for this do I ask of you: This is no less than a message for the nations." [Al`Ana`am/90]. He also Says (What means): "Ye have indeed in the Apostle of God a beautiful pattern (of conduct) for any one whose hope is in God and the Final Day, and who engages much in the Praise of God." [Al-Ahzab/21].

 

These values, embodied in the life and manners of the Prophets, suffice to raise the status of nations and be a measuring stick for the progress of human civilization. Indeed, nations prevail as long as they preserve their morals. If their morals are gone, they perish.

 

The published article reflects the opinion of its author

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Summarized Fatawaa

Is it permissible for household members to pool money for the Udhiyah and gift it to one of them?

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
It is permissible for members of a household to pool their money together and gift the total amount to one individual among them so that he may offer the sacrifice (Udhiyah). In this case, the family members receive the reward for giving charity (Sadaqah), and the one performing the sacrifice includes them in the spiritual reward (Thawab).
 
Furthermore, slaughtering a single sheep (on one's own) is considered religously better than participating as one of seven people in the sacrifice of a cow or a camel. And Allah the Almighty knows best.

What is the ruling of Islam on swearing by Allah without intending to take an actual oath?

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our Master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
If someone swears by Allah without intending to take an actual oath, and without the firm resolve to bind themselves to it, then there is no sin or expiation (Kaffarah) required of them. Allah the Exalted says {what means}: 'God will not call you to account for thoughtlessness in your oaths, but for the intention in your hearts; and He is Oft-forgiving, Most Forbearing.' [Al-Baqarah/225]. However, a Muslim should avoid swearing oaths excessively so that their tongue does not become accustomed to it. Allah the Exalted says {what means}: 'And make not God’s (name) an excuse in your oaths against doing good, or acting rightly, or making peace between persons; for God is One Who heareth and knoweth all things.
' [Al-Baqarah/224]. And Allah the Exalted knows best."

What is the ruling on waiving a debt owed by a debtor and counting it toward zakāh?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Waiving a debt owed by a debtor, with the intention of counting it toward zakāh, does not fulfill the zakāh obligation. Rather, it constitutes an ordinary act of charity, for which Allah rewards the giver generously — since one of the conditions for the validity of zakāh is that the person paying it must form the intention of zakāh at the actual moment the wealth is paid out. In this case, the debt has already been established as a standing obligation upon the borrower, so it is not valid to simply redirect the intention toward zakāh after the fact.
It is preferable, instead, for the creditor to first collect the debt from the debtor, and then return to him the amount of money he is required to pay as zakāh — or a portion of it — if the debtor happens to fall under one of the eight categories that Allah, the Exalted, has commanded be given from zakāh.
It is stated in ‘Umdat as-Sālik, from the books of the Shāfi‘ī school: "If someone gives [money] to a poor person, stipulating that the recipient return it to him in payment of a debt owed to him, or says, 'I am making what you owe me into zakāh, so take it [as such]' — this is not valid. But if he gives it to him with the [unstated] intention that the recipient will use it to repay him, or says, 'Repay what you owe me, so that I may [then separately] give it to you as zakāh,' or the debtor himself says, 'Give it to me, so that I may [then] repay you with it' — this is valid, and there is no binding obligation for the recipient to actually fulfill this [informal understanding]." And Allah, the Exalted, knows best.

What is the ruling of Islamic Law on someone who wakes up in a state of janābah (major ritual impurity) near the very end of the prayer's designated time, during cold weather — should he heat water in order to perform ghusl, even though the prayer's time will expire as a result, or should he perform tayammum instead?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
If the water is cold, and cannot be used due to fear of harm that is not ordinarily tolerable, or that would result in illness, then in this case it becomes obligatory to heat the water — even if heating it causes the time for Fajr to expire — and no sin is incurred in doing so, due to his valid excuse. He may not resort to tayammum (dry ablution) instead, since water remains available [and merely needs to be heated].
Imam Shihāb ad-Dīn Aḥmad ar-Ramlī (raḥimahullāh) said: "He was asked regarding a person who, if he were to use cold water, would experience harm that permits tayammum, and who has access to something with which he could heat the water — but if he heats it, the prayer's time will expire. Is it obligatory for him to heat it even if the time expires, or should he pray with tayammum within the prescribed time? He answered that it is obligatory for him to heat the water, even if the time for that particular obligatory prayer expires." [Fatāwā ar-Ramlī, Vol.1/P.98]
Imam al-Bājūrī (raḥimahullāh) said in his Ḥāshiyah on Sharḥ Ibn Qāsim (Vol.1/P.173): "And if he fears [harm] from using cold water, and is currently unable to heat it, but knows of a place where firewood is available, such that if he were to go there he would not return until after the prescribed time has expired — what appears [to be the correct position] is that it is obligatory for him to go and seek the firewood, even if the time expires as a result, as this is the position ultimately settled upon by ar-Ramlī, and as related from him by Ibn Qāsim." And Allah, the Exalted, knows best.