It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin Yasar, from Qutailah, a woman from Juhainah,  that a Jew came to the Prophet and said: "You are setting up rivals (to Allah) and associating others (with Him). You say: 'Whatever Allah wills and you will,' and you say: 'By the Ka'bah.'" So the Prophet commanded them, if they wanted to swear an oath, to say: "By the Lord of the Ka'bah;" and to say: "Whatever Allah wills, then what you will." Clearly, this Hadith could give the impression that the companions of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) associated partners in worship with Allah, how can we clear this misunderstanding?

An atheist claims that the Hadith of the Prophet (Peace and blessings be upon him): "Just now I have seen something which I never saw before at this place of mine, including Paradise and Hell", and that was during the solar eclipse, contradicts  with the Hadith  that he saw Paradise and Hell during the Night of Miraj, also known as the Night of Ascension. How can this contradiction be eliminated?

What is the Islamic ruling on apostasy? I hope you answer this question in light of chapter Al-Baqarah, verse (217); chapter Al-Ma`dah, verse (54), and chapter Al-Nisa`, verse (138). This taking into consideration the fact that the Quran is of definitive authenticity while the Prophetic narrations are of speculative authenticity.